Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) is a relatively common problem we see in cats. As the name suggests, it affects the bladder and urethra (the “lower” parts of the urinary tract), but is actually quite a complex problem.
We tend to see different clinical presentations in females and males. In females, we most commonly see signs of cystitis. This is often what we call “idiopathic”, which is a fancy way of saying we don’t really know what causes it. We find it is rarely caused by a bacterial infection, and believe it is a combination of several factors that combine to bring about the problem. Stress is often a contributing factor, so while we will focus on treating the bladder we will also look at dealing with any stress the cat may be experiencing.
In males, we may see small crystals or stones develop in the bladder, which can then block the urethra. This is a very dangerous situation, where the bladder may rupture or the kidneys may be damaged by the pressure from the build-up of urine. If you have a male cat that is straining to urinate unsuccessfully (or just producing a very small amount of urine) you should contact your vet straight away as they may have a blockage.
Although we still have a lot to learn about FLUTD, we are able to do a lot to manage it. A urine sample will give us a lot of information about the types of crystals that may be involved, whether there is an infection in the bladder, and whether the urine pH is in the normal range or not. With this information we can create a successful treatment plan.
Dietary changes are a major part of any treatment plan. Although FLUDT is rarely caused by poor diet, by using specifically designed diets we can alter the properties of the urine to help settle the problem. We may also use anti-inflammatories, antibiotics if indicated or other medications depending on the contributing causes.
Once a cat has developed FLUTD, it is a problem we need to manage for life. It is important that any dietary recommendations are followed for life, and any problems with the urinary tract dealt with promptly to avoid additional complications.